{"id":983,"date":"2025-08-22T16:44:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T11:14:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/?p=983"},"modified":"2025-08-22T16:50:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T11:20:06","slug":"longest-common-subsequence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/","title":{"rendered":"Longest Common Subsequence | Leetcode 1143 | All DP Approach"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Given two strings <code>text1<\/code> and <code>text2<\/code>, find the length of their <strong>Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)<\/strong>. A subsequence is a sequence that appears in the same relative order, but not necessarily contiguous. Return the <strong>length<\/strong> of the LCS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the [<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/leetcode.com\/problems\/longest-common-subsequence\/description\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Problem Link<\/span><\/mark><\/a><\/strong>] to begin with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"Input:  text1 = &quot;abcde&quot;, text2 = &quot;ace&quot;\nOutput: 3\nExplanation: The LCS is &quot;ace&quot; with length 3.\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Input<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #CE9178\">text1 = &quot;abcde&quot;, text2 = &quot;ace&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Output<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">3<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Explanation<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #CE9178\">The LCS is &quot;ace&quot; with length 3.<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(1 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"Input:  text1 = &quot;abc&quot;, text2 = &quot;abc&quot;\nOutput: 3\nExplanation: The LCS is &quot;abc&quot; with length 3.\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Input<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #CE9178\">text1 = &quot;abc&quot;, text2 = &quot;abc&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Output<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">3<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">Explanation<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #CE9178\">The LCS is &quot;abc&quot; with length 3.<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Goal: compute only the length of the LCS, not the subsequence itself.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"max-width: -moz-fit-content; \" class=\"wp-block-ub-table-of-contents-block ub_table-of-contents ub_table-of-contents-collapsed\" id=\"ub_table-of-contents-b9cc635f-a04f-4963-ba7c-361ca112ce53\" data-linktodivider=\"false\" data-showtext=\"show\" data-hidetext=\"hide\" data-scrolltype=\"auto\" data-enablesmoothscroll=\"true\" data-initiallyhideonmobile=\"true\" data-initiallyshow=\"false\"><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-container\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header\" style=\"text-align: left; \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-title\">Contents:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-header-toggle\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-toggle\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\u00a0[<a class=\"ub_table-of-contents-toggle-link\" href=\"#\" style=\"\">show<\/a>]\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-extra-container\" style=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ub_table-of-contents-container ub_table-of-contents-1-column ub-hide\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"\"><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#0-recursion\" style=\"\">Recursion<\/a><ul><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#1-intuition-and-approach\" style=\"\">Intuition and Approach<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#2-code-implementation\" style=\"\">Code Implementation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#3-code-explanation\" style=\"\">Code explanation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#4-time-and-space-complexity\" style=\"\">Time and Space Complexity<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#5-conclusion\" style=\"\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#6-memoization\" style=\"\">Memoization<\/a><ul><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#7-intuition-and-approach\" style=\"\">Intuition and Approach<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#8-code-implementation\" style=\"\">Code Implementation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#9-code-explanation\" style=\"\">Code explanation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#10-time-and-space-complexity\" style=\"\">Time and Space Complexity<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#11-conclusion\" style=\"\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#12-memoization-with-1-based-shifted-indices\" style=\"\">Memoization with 1-based shifted indices<\/a><ul><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#13-intuition-and-approach\" style=\"\">Intuition and Approach<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#14-code-implementation\" style=\"\">Code Implementation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#15-code-explanation\" style=\"\">Code explanation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#16-time-and-space-complexity\" style=\"\">Time and Space Complexity<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#17-conclusion\" style=\"\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#18-tabulation\" style=\"\">Tabulation<\/a><ul><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#19-intuition-and-approach\" style=\"\">Intuition and Approach<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#20-code-implementation\" style=\"\">Code Implementation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#21-code-explanation\" style=\"\">Code explanation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#22-time-and-space-complexity\" style=\"\">Time and Space Complexity<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#23-conclusion\" style=\"\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#24-tabulation-space-optimization\" style=\"\">Tabulation (Space Optimization)<\/a><ul><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#25-intuition-and-approach\" style=\"\">Intuition and Approach<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#26-code-implementation\" style=\"\">Code Implementation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#27-code-explanation\" style=\"\">Code explanation<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#28-time-and-space-complexity\" style=\"\">Time and Space Complexity<\/a><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#29-conclusion\" style=\"\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/longest-common-subsequence\/#30-final-takeaway\" style=\"\">Final takeaway<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"0-recursion\">Recursion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-intuition-and-approach\">Intuition and Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Use pure recursion on indices <code>(ind1, ind2)<\/code> considering prefixes <code>text1[0..ind1]<\/code> and <code>text2[0..ind2]<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If either index is out of bounds, LCS length is 0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If characters match, take 1 plus LCS of both indices decremented.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otherwise, take the maximum of skipping one character from either string.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This explores all possibilities, but recomputes many subproblems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-code-implementation\">Code Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"class Solution:\n    def solve(self, ind1, ind2, text1, text2):\n        if ind1 &lt; 0 or ind2 &lt; 0:\n            return 0\n        if text1[ind1] == text2[ind2]:\n            return 1 + self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2)\n        return 0 + max(\n            self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2, text1, text2),\n            self.solve(ind1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2),\n        )\n\n    def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -&gt; int:\n        n = len(text1)\n        m = len(text2)\n        return self.solve(n - 1, m - 1, text1, text2)\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">Solution<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">solve<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 &lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 &lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> text1[ind1] == text2[ind2]:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2, text1, text2),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        )<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">longestCommonSubsequence<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">) -&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        n = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        m = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(n - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-code-explanation\">Code explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Base case handles when a prefix becomes empty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On match, both indices move left and add 1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On mismatch, try dropping one character from either side and take the best.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-time-and-space-complexity\">Time and Space Complexity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Precise: Exponential time due to overlapping subproblems; recursion depth up to <code>O(n + m)<\/code> so space <code>O(n + m)<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified: Time exponential, space linear in depth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Simple and clear, but not practical for larger inputs because of repeated work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-memoization\">Memoization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-intuition-and-approach\">Intuition and Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cache results for each <code>(ind1, ind2)<\/code> to avoid recomputation. Same transitions as recursion, but store answers in a 2D table initialized to <code>-1<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-code-implementation\">Code Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"class Solution:\n    def solve(self, ind1, ind2, text1, text2, dp):\n        if ind1 &lt; 0 or ind2 &lt; 0:\n            return 0\n        if dp[ind1][ind2] != -1:\n            return dp[ind1][ind2]\n        if text1[ind1] == text2[ind2]:\n            dp[ind1][ind2] = 1 + self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2, dp)\n            return dp[ind1][ind2]\n        dp[ind1][ind2] = 0 + max(\n            self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2, text1, text2, dp),\n            self.solve(ind1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2, dp),\n        )\n        return dp[ind1][ind2]\n\n    def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -&gt; int:\n        n = len(text1)\n        m = len(text2)\n        dp = [[-1 for _ in range(m)] for _ in range(n)]\n        return self.solve(n - 1, m - 1, text1, text2, dp)\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">Solution<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">solve<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">dp<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 &lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 &lt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2] != -<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> text1[ind1] == text2[ind2]:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2, dp)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2, text1, text2, dp),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2, dp),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        )<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">longestCommonSubsequence<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">) -&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        n = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        m = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        dp = [[-<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(m)] <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(n)]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(n - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2, dp)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-code-explanation\">Code explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>dp[ind1][ind2]<\/code> holds LCS length for prefixes ending at <code>ind1<\/code>, <code>ind2<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before computing, check cache; after computing, store and return.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-time-and-space-complexity\">Time and Space Complexity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Precise: Each state computed once, states count <code>n*m<\/code>, per state <code>O(1)<\/code> work, so <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time and <code>O(n*m)<\/code> space for the table and recursion stack <code>O(n + m)<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified: <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time, <code>O(n*m)<\/code> space.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"11-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Efficient and easy to implement, suitable for typical constraints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"12-memoization-with-1-based-shifted-indices\">Memoization with 1-based shifted indices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"13-intuition-and-approach\">Intuition and Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shift indices so DP table dimensions are <code>(n+1) x (m+1)<\/code> with base row and column as zeros. This mirrors tabulation boundaries and simplifies transitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"14-code-implementation\">Code Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"class Solution:\n    def solve(self, ind1, ind2, text1, text2, dp):\n        if ind1 == 0 or ind2 == 0:\n            return 0\n        if dp[ind1][ind2] != -1:\n            return dp[ind1][ind2]\n        if text1[ind1 - 1] == text2[ind2 - 1]:\n            dp[ind1][ind2] = 1 + self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2, dp)\n            return dp[ind1][ind2]\n        dp[ind1][ind2] = 0 + max(\n            self.solve(ind1 - 1, ind2, text1, text2, dp),\n            self.solve(ind1, ind2 - 1, text1, text2, dp),\n        )\n        return dp[ind1][ind2]\n\n    def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -&gt; int:\n        n = len(text1)\n        m = len(text2)\n        dp = [[-1 for _ in range(m + 1)] for _ in range(n + 1)]\n        return self.solve(n, m, text1, text2, dp)\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">Solution<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">solve<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">ind2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">dp<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 == <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 == <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2] != -<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> text1[ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">] == text2[ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">]:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2, dp)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, ind2, text1, text2, dp),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(ind1, ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, text1, text2, dp),<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        )<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[ind1][ind2]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">longestCommonSubsequence<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">) -&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        n = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        m = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        dp = [[-<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)] <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(n + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">.solve(n, m, text1, text2, dp)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"15-code-explanation\">Code explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Base cases live at row 0 or column 0, which cleanly represent empty prefixes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Character access uses <code>ind1 - 1<\/code> and <code>ind2 - 1<\/code> to map back to 0-based strings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"16-time-and-space-complexity\">Time and Space Complexity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Same as standard memoization: <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time and <code>O(n*m)<\/code> space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"17-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A notational variant that aligns naturally with bottom-up DP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"18-tabulation\">Tabulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"19-intuition-and-approach\">Intuition and Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bottom-up DP fills a table <code>dp[ind1][ind2]<\/code> where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>dp[0][*] = dp[*][0] = 0<\/code> for empty prefixes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If characters match, <code>dp[i][j] = 1 + dp[i-1][j-1]<\/code>; else <code>dp[i][j] = max(dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1])<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"20-code-implementation\">Code Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"class Solution:\n    def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -&gt; int:\n        n = len(text1)\n        m = len(text2)\n        dp = [[-1 for _ in range(m + 1)] for _ in range(n + 1)]\n        for ind2 in range(0, m + 1):\n            dp[0][ind2] = 0\n        for ind1 in range(0, n + 1):\n            dp[ind1][0] = 0\n        for ind1 in range(1, n + 1):\n            for ind2 in range(1, m + 1):\n                if text1[ind1 - 1] == text2[ind2 - 1]:\n                    dp[ind1][ind2] = 1 + dp[ind1 - 1][ind2 - 1]\n                else:\n                    dp[ind1][ind2] = 0 + max(dp[ind1 - 1][ind2], dp[ind1][ind2 - 1])\n        return dp[n][m]\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">Solution<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">longestCommonSubsequence<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">) -&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        n = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        m = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        dp = [[-<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)] <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(n + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            dp[<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, n + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            dp[ind1][<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, n + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> text1[ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">] == text2[ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">]:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                    dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + dp[ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">][ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                    dp[ind1][ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(dp[ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">][ind2], dp[ind1][ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> dp[n][m]<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"21-code-explanation\">Code explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Initializes first row and column to zero representing empty strings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fills the table row by row based on the recurrence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The answer is at <code>dp[n][m]<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"22-time-and-space-complexity\">Time and Space Complexity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Precise: Filling <code>n*m<\/code> cells with <code>O(1)<\/code> work each gives <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time. Storing the full table costs <code>O(n*m)<\/code> space.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified: <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time and space.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"23-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Deterministic and iterative. Preferred when reconstructing the subsequence, since the full table enables backtracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"24-tabulation-space-optimization\">Tabulation (Space Optimization)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"25-intuition-and-approach\">Intuition and Approach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Observation: <code>dp[i][*]<\/code> depends only on <code>dp[i-1][*]<\/code> and the previous cell in the current row. Hence store only two rows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>prev<\/code> for row <code>i-1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>curr<\/code> for row <code>i<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"26-code-implementation\">Code Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro cbp-has-line-numbers\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;--cbp-line-number-color:#D4D4D4;--cbp-line-number-width:calc(2 * 0.6 * .875rem);line-height:1.5rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#1E1E1E\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"class Solution:\n    def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -&gt; int:\n        n = len(text1)\n        m = len(text2)\n        prev = [-1 for _ in range(m + 1)]\n        for ind2 in range(0, m + 1):\n            prev[ind2] = 0\n        # for ind1 in range(0,n+1):\n        #     dp[ind1][0]=0\n        for ind1 in range(1, n + 1):\n            curr = [-1 for _ in range(m + 1)]\n            curr[0] = 0\n            for ind2 in range(1, m + 1):\n                if text1[ind1 - 1] == text2[ind2 - 1]:\n                    curr[ind2] = 1 + prev[ind2 - 1]\n                else:\n                    curr[ind2] = 0 + max(prev[ind2], curr[ind2 - 1])\n            prev = curr\n        return prev[m]\" style=\"color:#D4D4D4;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dark-plus\" style=\"background-color: #1E1E1E\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">Solution<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #569CD6\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">longestCommonSubsequence<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #9CDCFE\">text2<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">) -&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #4EC9B0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        n = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text1)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        m = <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(text2)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        prev = [-<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            prev[ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A9955\"># for ind1 in range(0,n+1):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #6A9955\">#     dp[ind1][0]=0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, n + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            curr = [-<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> _ <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">)]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            curr[<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> ind2 <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">, m + <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> text1[ind1 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">] == text2[ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">]:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                    curr[ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + prev[ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">                    curr[ind2] = <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> + <\/span><span style=\"color: #DCDCAA\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">(prev[ind2], curr[ind2 - <\/span><span style=\"color: #B5CEA8\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">])<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">            prev = curr<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C586C0\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #D4D4D4\"> prev[m]<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"27-code-explanation\">Code explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>prev[j]<\/code> holds results for the previous row, <code>curr[j]<\/code> for the current row.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Update <code>curr<\/code> left to right using <code>prev[j-1]<\/code>, <code>prev[j]<\/code>, and <code>curr[j-1]<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Final answer sits in <code>prev[m]<\/code> after the last row.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"28-time-and-space-complexity\">Time and Space Complexity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Precise: <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time, <code>O(m)<\/code> auxiliary space for the rolling rows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified: <code>O(n*m)<\/code> time, <code>O(min(n, m))<\/code> space if you roll along the shorter string.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"29-conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Best practical version for length-only LCS when memory matters. Same complexity in time as full tabulation with significantly reduced space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"30-final-takeaway\">Final takeaway<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recursion is conceptually simple but exponential.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Memoization upgrades to <code>O(n*m)<\/code> by caching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shifting indices to 1-based aligns well with tabulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tabulation offers iterative clarity and is useful for reconstruction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Space-optimized tabulation keeps time <code>O(n*m)<\/code> while reducing space to <code>O(min(n, m))<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Choose memoization or tabulation for typical constraints. Use the space-optimized DP when memory is tight and you only need the LCS length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/course\/zero-to-hero-python-dsa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Join our Advance DSA COURSE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For any changes to the article, kindly email at <a href=\"mailto:code@codeanddebug.in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">code@codeanddebug.in<\/a> or contact us at <a href=\"tel:+91-9712928220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">+91-9712928220<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Given two strings text1 and text2, find the length of their Longest Common Subsequence (LCS). A subsequence is a sequence that appears in the same relative order, but not necessarily contiguous. Return the length of the LCS. Here&#8217;s the [Problem Link] to begin with. Example 1 Example 2 Goal: compute only the length of the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6],"tags":[42,19],"class_list":{"0":"post-983","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-data-structures-and-algorithm","8":"category-intermediate","9":"tag-dynamic-programming-on-strings","10":"tag-medium"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/longest-common-subsequence-featured-image.png","author_info":{"display_name":"codeanddebug","author_link":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/author\/codeanddebug\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=983"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1039,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions\/1039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/codeanddebug.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}